The iterate function create a lazy, infinitive sequence based on function calls. The iterate function takes a function and an initial value as arguments. The first element in the sequence is the initial value, next the function is invoked with the previous element as argument and this continues for each new element. Suppose we have a function #(+ 2 %) that adds 2 to the input argument. Then if we use this function with iterate and start with value 1 the first elements of the sequence will be 1, (+ 2 1), (+ 2 3), (+ 2 5). So first element is the initial value, next element is the invocation of the function with input argument 1. The result of this function is 3, which is then the input for the function to calculate the next element and so on.

In the following example code we use iterate in different scenario’s:

In my last blog I gave you a small introduction into the term "Reverse Shell". I described it as: "A Reverse Shell is where your target machine creates a connection to your machine, after which you get a shell on the target machine in which you can execute system commands." It is similar to SSH, but without any encryption and the connection is created the other way around (from target to you, instead of you to the target).

The first function in Clojure returns the first item of a collection. The next function returns a new sequence with all elements after the first element from a collection. Clojure adds some utility methods to combine first and next with different combinations. We can use the function ffirst which is will return the first element of the first element of a collection and the nfirst function to get the next elements from the first element of a collection. We can use the function fnext to get the first element of the next elements of a collection and the function nnext to get the next elements of the next elements of a collection.

In the following example we use the ffirst, nfirst, fnext and nnext:

At JCore, we follow a three year program to become senior developers. After following this program successfully, you will be promoted to the JDriven company. In the final year, we have a specialization in a topic of our choice. I chose to specialize myself further into security. I have been studying this topic for some time now, even contributing to the fast track courses as a security teacher. Until now, most of my time I spent on the defending side and now I want to take a look on "the other side". So my specialization is all about attack, also described as joining "The Red Team".

In the previous blog I introduced the gRPC calls and told about the absence of error handling in the model itself. Let’s investigate how this came about.

Since Java 9 we can use a function as argument for the Matcher.replaceAll method. The function is invoked with a single argument of type MatchResult and must return a String value. The MatchResult object contains a found match we can get using the group method. If there are capturing groups in the regular expression used for replacing a value we can use group method with the capturing group index as argument.

In the following example we use the replaceAll method and we use a regular expression without and with capturing groups:

In the previous blog I started my journey into Protobuf and introduced my first steps by introducing an example Contract service and some business operations on it.
Now let’s start with diving into details of how to model the gRPC calls.

In Java we can define capturing groups in regular expression. We can refer to these groups (if found) by the index from the group as defined in the regular expression. Instead of relying on the index of the group we can give a capturing group a name and use that name to reference the group. The format of the group name is ?<name> as first element of the group definition. The name of the group can be used with the group method of the Matcher class. Also we can use the name when we want to reference the capturing group for example with the replaceAll method of a Matcher object. The format is ${name} to reference the group by name. Finally we can use a named capturing group also as backreference in a regular expression using the syntax \k<name>.

In the following example we define a regular expression with named groups and use them with several methods:

In Clojure we can use several functions to see if at least one or all elements in a collection return true or false for a predicate. The function every? only returns true if the predicate function returns true for all elements in the collection. To function not-every? return true if a predicate function return false for all elements in a collection. The some function is a bit different (notice there is no ?) and returns the first logical true value from the predicate function for the elements in the collection. So the return type of the predicate doesn’t have to be a Boolean value and then the return type of some is also not a Boolean. If the predicate returns a Boolean value we can use some like a `any` function (any is not part of Clojure). Clojure provides a not-any? function that returns true if the predicate function returns false for one element in the collection and false otherwise.

The following example uses the different functions on a vector with some cartoon names: