Groovy 4 introduced support for TOML configuration file. In a previous post we already learned how we can parse TOML content. In this post we will see we can use a builder syntax to create TOML content. We need the class TomlBuilder and then define our structure using a nice builder DSL. The DSL is comparable to create JSON using the JsonBuilder. The names of the nodes in the DSL structure will be the names of the properties. Nodes within nodes will result in concatenated property names with the name of each node separated by a dot (.). We can also use collections as arguments and those will translated to TOML arrays. A collection can optionally be followed by a closure that processes each item in the collection to generate the content for the TOML array.

Since Groovy 4 we can parse TOML configuration data into a Map. Once the TOML data is transformed into the Map we can use all possibilities in Groovy to lookup keys and their values in maps. For example we can use GPath expressions to easily get the value of a (nested) key. To parse TOML configuration data we must use the TomlSlurper class that is in the groovy.toml package. We can use the parse method when we have a file, reader or stream with our configuration. To parse a String value with TOML configuration we use the parseText method.

GINQ (Groovy-INtegrated Query) is added since Groovy 4. With GINQ we can query in-memory collections with SQL like statements. If we want to get the row numbers for each row in the query result set we can use the implicit variable _rn. We must specify _rn in the select expression of our GINQ query. We can even use as to give it a meaningful name in the result set.

Groovy supports more classifiers for a switch case statement than Java. Since Groovy 4 we can use switch also as an expression. This means the switch statement returns a value without having to use return. Instead of using a colon (:) and break we use the → notation for a case. We specify the value that the switch expressions returns after →. When we need a code block we simply put the code between curly braces ({…​}).

The dw::core::Strings has a lot of functions to deal with strings. One of the functions is ordinalize that takes a number as argument and returns the ordinal value as string.

To check if a value is of a certain type in DataWeave we must use the is operator. We must specify the type after the is operator and the value before the is operator. For example to check if the value 42 is a Number we write 42 is Number. The result is a Boolean that is either true or false. In the previous example the result is true.

To calculate the modulo of two numbers in DataWeave we can use the mod function from the dw::Core module. We provide two arguments where the first argument is the number that needs to be divided by the number provided as second argument. The number that remains after a division of the input arguments is returned as a result.

In a previous blog post we learned about the zip function. DataWeave also gives us the unzip function that will do the opposite for an array with arrays. The input argument of the unzip function is an array where the elements are also arrays. This could be created by the zip function or just defined as data structure directly. The unzip function will take from each array the same index element and return it as an array with the index elements. For example with the input array [[1, "A"], [2, "B"]] will be unzipped to [[1, 2], ["A", "B"]]. When the number of elements in the arrays that need to unzipped are not equal, the unzip function will only return the elements from the index with the most elements.

DataWeave has a zip function in the dw::Core module. The function will merge two arrays into a new array. Each element in the new array is also an array and will have a value from the two original arrays from the same index grouped together. So for example we have an input array ["A", "B"] and another input array [1, 2]. The result of the zip function will be [["A", 1], ["B", 2]]. The size of the resulting array is the same as the minimal size of both input arrays. Any value from an array that cannot be merged is simply ignored and left out of the resulting array.

To measure the time it takes to execute a function in DataWeave we can use the time and duration functions from the module dw::util::Timer. Both functions take a zero argument function that needs to be executed as argument (() → T). But the output of the functions is different. The time function returns a TimeMeasurement object that has a result key containing the result of the function we passed as argument. We also get a start key that has the date and time value when the function gets executed. And finally we have the end key that stores the date and time value when the function is finished. To calculate the total duration time of the function we could use the start and end keys, but when we want the duration time we can better use the duration function. The duration function returns a DurationMeasurement object with also a key result that has the output of the function that is executed. The other key is time and contains the time it took for the function to be executed in milliseconds.

In DataWeave we can partition the items in an array using a predicate function by using the partition function from the dw::core::Arrays module. The function takes an array as first argument and a predicate function as second argument. The predicate function should return true or false for each item of the array. The result is an object with the key success containing all items from the array that returned true for the predicate function and a key failure for the items that returned false.

The module dw::core::Arrays has extra functions that are useful when working with arrays in DataWeave. In this post we will look at the functions splitAt and splitWhere. We can use these functions to split an array into two arrays. The result of both functions is actually a Pair type, which is defined as an object with the keys l and r. An example is { "l": 1, "r": 2 } which we can read as the left side of the pair has value 1 and the right side of the pair has value 2. The result of the splitAt and splitWhere function will have one part of the split array in the left side of the pair and the rest of the array in the right side.